How does collision detection work in an Ethernet network?
Because the medium is shared, a mechanism must exist where two stations can detect that they want to transmit at the same time. This mechanism is collision detection. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect) as its collision detection method.
How to deal with excessive collisions in Cisco switches?
The excessive collisions can be resolved by hardcoding speed and duplex. In Cisco Catalyst switches, the %SIBYTE-4-SB_EXCESS_COLL system message is displayed for every occurrence of an excessive collision, if the service internal mode is on.
How many collisions are there in a collision counter?
The collisions counter can be broken down into single collisions and multiple collisions, as in this output from the show controller command: This means that eight (out of 10) frames have been successfully transmitted after one collision; the other two frames required multiple collisions to arbitrate access to the medium.
Is there a maximum number of collisions in Ethernet?
Collisions are not bad; they are essential to correct Ethernet operation. Some useful facts: The maximum amount of time slots is limited to 1024. The maximum amount of retransmissions for the same frame in the collision mechanism is 16.
When do I get the excessive collision message in Cisco?
In Cisco Catalyst switches, the %SIBYTE-4-SB_EXCESS_COLL system message is displayed for every occurrence of an excessive collision, if the service internal mode is on. With service internal mode off, the system only prints out this message whenever the excessive collision reaches a certain fixed threshold.
How to print error in console.log ( err )?
Using console.log (err) prints only the error message. Using console.log (err) prints the error message and the full stack. I’ve confirmed that this behavior changed on version 6.0.0.
How to console.log an error with stack trace?
The former must stringify err so that it can be concatenated with the other parts of the message, and according to this, in doing so it just uses the message part. However, in the latter form the err object must be processed by console.log unadulterated, and dumped as a whole.