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There is a lot of default managed properties available in SharePoint 2013 online like AboutMe, AccountName, AttachmentType, Author, etc. But apart from this, you can also create new managed properties both in SharePoint online as well as on-premise.
To avoid having to create a new managed property, and map this to the corresponding crawled property, SharePoint Server 2016 does this for you. When a catalog is crawled, SharePoint Server 2016 automatically creates a crawled property for each site column in the catalog.
When does a site column become a managed property?
Only site columns that contain values automatically become managed properties when they are crawled. Regular columns do not! So, that is a sweet deal! But, remember that you’ll use crawled and managed properties in later stages, when you configure refiners and queries in Search Web Parts.
When does a crawled property become a managed property?
When a catalog is crawled, SharePoint Server 2016 automatically creates a crawled property for each site column in the catalog. SharePoint Server 2016 also automatically creates a managed property for the site column, and adds a mapping between the two.
In the Property Name column, select the profile property that you want to change, and then select Edit or Delete. Edit the elements you want to change. Some elements of profile properties, such as the Type element, are unavailable because they can’t be edited.
In the Type list, select the data type for the property. If you select string (Multi Value), the property will be permanently set as a multi-valued property. You cannot change this setting after you select OK. You can only delete the property and add it again as a new single-value property.
How to configure profile service application in SharePoint?
On the Manage Service Applications page, click link for the User Profile service application. On the Manage Profile Service page, in the People section, click Manage User Properties. On the Manage User Properties page, click the name of the property that you want to map to a directory service attribute, and then click Edit.