Is ethnicity an independent variable?
Independent variables considered included race/ethnicity, age, gender, marital status, education, annual household income, regular physician, and health status.
Is race and ethnicity categorical?
Race and ethnicity variables are categorical (or discontinuous) variables used to illustrate variation in labels rather than variation in level (ordinal or interval variables).
Is ethnicity a covariate?
A common use of racial/ethnic categorization in observational research is as a covariate when another quantity is the primary exposure of interest. Adjustment in this context is equivalent to standardizing the distribution of study subjects to some alternate set of racial/ethnic proportions.
How is race defined as a variable?
If the researcher is examining a social situation in which perceived or self-identified race may impact the societal response to the person, then race is a necessary variable. For example, if the purpose of the research is to examine access to educational or medical services, race may be a significant variable.
Is ethnicity a variable?
Ethnicity is a variable that is used increasingly to define populations for epidemiological studies. Differences by ethnicity in both the characteristics of populations and their experience of disease have been easy to describe, and the literature on ethnicity and health is large and growing.
What type of variable is race ethnicity?
Categorical variables can be sub-classified as nominal or ordinal with ordinal variables have a natural ordering, whereas nominal variables do not. Gender, Diabetes and Race/Ethnicity were nominal categorical variables, they have no natural order and individuals can only be put into categories for these variables.
Is race qualitative or quantitative?
Examples of quantitative characteristics are age, BMI, creatinine, and time from birth to death. Examples of qualitative characteristics are gender, race, genotype and vital status. Qualitative variables are also called categorical variables.
Is race a confounder?
Race is associated with SES and SES is associated with health disparities. Since race systematically relates to SES opportunities, SES is in the causal pathway (mediator) between race and health, and is therefore not a confounder and (C) illustration of SES as an independent predictor.
Why is ethnicity important in research?
Including racial and ethnic minorities in research is critical for generalizability of results and for providing equal opportunities to all people who may benefit from participation in research.