What are the terminology used in epidemiology?
Case series A compilation of case reports. Case-control study An analytic epidemiologic study design that assembles study groups after a disease has occurred; also called a retrospective study. Cause-specific death rate Number of deaths from a specific cause; expressed as a number per 100,000 population.
What are epidemiological variables?
In epidemiology, nominal variables with only two categories are very common: alive or dead, ill or well, vaccinated or unvaccinated, or did or did not eat the potato salad. A nominal variable with two mutually exclusive categories is sometimes called a dichotomous variable.
What is an epidemiological triad?
A number of models of disease causation have been proposed. Among the simplest of these is the epidemiologic triad or triangle, the traditional model for infectious disease. The triad consists of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together.
What is meant by epidemiological?
By definition, epidemiology is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global).
What are the two categories of disease?
There are four main types of disease: infectious diseases, deficiency diseases, hereditary diseases (including both genetic diseases and non-genetic hereditary diseases), and physiological diseases. Diseases can also be classified in other ways, such as communicable versus non-communicable diseases.
What are the three points or corners of the disease triangle?
These three elements, pathogen, host, and environmental conditions, make up the disease triangle. The disease triangle is a concept that illustrates the importance of all three elements—just as there are three sides to a triangle, there are three critical factors necessary for disease to develop.