Contents
What punctuation do you use in a bibliography?
Titles of articles, chapters, webpages, etc. are placed in quotation marks. Punctuation: In a bibliography, all major elements are separated by periods. Spacing: Entries should be single-spaced, but there should be a blank line between each entry.
How does punctuation mark function in the bibliography entry?
The highlighted periods show how punctuation comes after the author names, date (which goes inside parentheses), title, and source. These can function as live links to lead readers directly to article information; thus the precise alphanumeric string (without added punctuation) is needed.
What are the 7 key elements of journal article reference entry?
Elements of Reference List Entries
- the author element, including the format of individual author names and of group author names.
- the date element, including the format of the date and how to include retrieval dates.
- the title element, including the format of the title and how to include bracketed descriptions.
When to use punctuation in an APA list?
In the above examples, the authors were individuals whose names were listed in the format of surname, first initials. Because the initials already included punctuation, it was not necessary to add any additional punctuation in order for the author part of the entry to end in punctuation.
How to deal with references that already contain punctuation?
Authors and readers often ask how to deal with references that already contain punctuation—for example, a title that ends in a question mark or exclamation point. The short answer is, keep the original punctuation and do not add any extra.
Do you include the name of the author in a citation?
For a work with one or two authors, include the author name (s) in every citation. For a work with three or more authors, include the name of only the first author plus “et al.” in every citation (even the first citation). The following table shows the basic in-text citation styles:
When do you punctuate a sentence with a citation?
Since the citation becomes part of your sentence, you delay the appropriate punctuation until after the parentheses: In recent decades, anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, desertification, and urbanization have significantly altered the land surface (Nicholson 2007).