What does the output voltage of an op-amp depend upon?
If we connected some other voltage to non inverting terminal also then the output vary depend upon differential input. In ideal case if same voltage applied to two differential terminal of op-amp then the output will be zero.
Why do we connect op amps to the rail voltage supply?
“Single-supply” op amps came later on and are more convenient in that only one voltage supply is needed to power them. Rails refer to supply voltage levels. An upper rail on the voltage output of an op amp refers to the highest voltage level that it can reach, which is limited by the supply voltage powering the op amp.
What does rail to rail op amp mean?
Rail-to-rail output means that output voltage can swing very close to the rails, often within a 10mV to 100mV from the supply rails. Some op amps claim only a rail-to-rail output, lacking the input characteristics shown in figure 3.
How to do a simulation of an op amp?
Simulations of OP AMPs. 1. Offset Voltages. OP Amps have very high differential gains and any small offset voltage can saturate an OP Amp to the positive or negative supply rails. OP Amp simulation in SPICE can be difficult especially in the open loop as you have to find the exact offset voltage before any kind of open loop test can be performed.
What happens when the op amp is no longer active?
At that point the op-amp will saturate or “rail” at the (ideally) positive supply voltage. The op-amp can no longer operate in its active region so the output looks like its shorted to the +10V supply.
What is the voltage of a single supply op amp?
A common value for single supplies is 5 V, but voltage rails are getting lower, with 3 V and even lower voltages becoming common. Because of this, single-supply op amps are often rail-to-rail devices, which avoids losing dynamic range. Rail-to-rail may or may not apply to both the input and output stages.