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As mentioned above, the most common way authors are listed is by relative contribution. The author who most substantially worked on the draft article and the underlying research becomes the first author. The others are ranked in descending order of contribution.
Do different fields of science have different standards of authorship?
Rather, different scientific disciplines (and subdisciplines) have different practices as far as what kind of contribution is recognized as worthy of inclusion as an author on a paper, and as far as what the order in which the authors are listed is supposed to communicate about the magnitude of each contribution.
How do authors rank?
By default, authors are ranked according to Times Cited….The sort order for the following metrics is descending:
- Times Cited.
- Web of Science documents.
- average cites per document.
- h-index.
- journal actual/expected citations.
- category actual/expected citations.
Scientific authorship has important implications in science since it reflects the contribution to research of the different individual scientists and it is considered by evaluation committees in research assessment processes.
Can there be 2 first authors?
Shared co-first authorship is defined as two or more authors who have worked together on a publication and contributed equally [8]. Some journals publish articles in which shared coauthorship is described, making it easy to determine author contribution.
Is Ghost authorship unethical?
in the world of academic studies in general and the field of research in particular, ghostwriting is also considered to be a form of plagiarism, unethical behavior which could even go as far as to cause health problems for the population, with corresponding legal repercussions.
The first author should be that person who contributed most to the work, including writing of the manuscript. It is common practice to have the senior author appear last, sometimes regardless of his or her contribution. The senior author, like all other authors, should meet all criteria for authorship.
What duties does an author owe and to whom?
Duties
- Choose subjects that interests readers.
- Write fiction or nonfiction scripts, biographies, and other formats.
- Conduct research to get factual information and authentic detail.
- Write advertising copy for newspapers, magazines, broadcasts, and the Internet.
- Present drafts to editors and clients for feedback.
What does equal contribution mean?
The equal contributions footnote specifies if two or more authors contributed to the manuscript equally. It would appear under the author byline on the PDF. If all of the authors have the equal contribution designation, the footnote will say, “All authors have contributed equally”.
Since there is no foolproof system for the ordering author names yet and journals do not normally arbitrate in such disputes, the onus is on authors to decide how best to resolve differences in opinion. When should authorship/order of authors be decided?
How are authors listed in a research paper?
In the sciences, and in related fields like psychology, authors are generally listed in the order of the relative importance of their contributions, with the first author being the main author of the paper. An exception is the last author, who is often the head of the department in which the research was carried out.
What are the guidelines for authorship in science?
Some diversity exists across academic disciplines regarding acceptable standards for substantive contributions that would lead to attribution of authorship. This guidance is intended to allow for such variation to disciplinary best practices while ensuring authorship is not inappropriately assigned.
Readers get almost no information on who contributed the most, and if the main author’s name begins with a letter late in the alphabet, it’s very likely to be overlooked, or hidden in the “et al” list when the paper is cited by others—naturally, not an agreeable scenario.