Useful tips for everyday
How to find the PDF of a random variable Y? Thus, the CDF of Y is given by F Y ( y) = { 0…
Can you rank ordinal data? The levels of measurement indicate how precisely data is recorded. While nominal and ordinal variables are categorical, interval and ratio…
Which is the best description of asymptotic distribution theory? Asymptotic Distribution Theory Asymptotic distribution theory studies the hypothetical distribution -the limiting distribution- of a sequence…
How are asset returns included in forecasting returns? Asset returns are included in the analysis as they historically became available. 5 All returns are real…
How do you interpret the p value for an interaction term? If the p-value is greater than the significance level you selected, the effect is…
What does PCA mean in geometry? The central idea of principal component analysis (PCA) is to reduce the dimensionality of a data set consisting of…
How matrix is used in AI? Matrices are a foundational element of linear algebra. Matrices are used throughout the field of machine learning in the…
How would you choose between the probit and the logit? We show that if unbalanced binary data are generated by a leptokurtic distribution the logit…
How do you find the variance of large numbers? Follow these steps: Work out the mean (the simple average of the numbers.) Then, for each…
How is the output of a neural network calculated? Now that we know how a neural network’s output values are calculated, it is time to…