Useful tips for everyday
How to control the effect of confounding variables? There are various ways to modify a study design to actively exclude or control confounding variables (3)…
How to decide whether missing values are Mar, MCAR, or Mnar-cross? Here you can use the simplest imputation methods or if feasible remove the data…
Why is a residual plot important? Use residual plots to check the assumptions of an OLS linear regression model. If you violate the assumptions, you…
How to validate my GLM model cross validated? Of cause, you need to balance this proportion in case there is no enough data in your…
Why do we calculate covariance matrix in PCA? This matrix, called the covariance matrix, is one of the most important quantities that arises in data…
What does it mean when a sample is not normally distributed? Insufficient Data can cause a normal distribution to look completely scattered. For example, classroom…
Is Hmm RNN? Summary. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are much simpler than Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and rely on strong assumptions which may not always…
What is serial correlation in time series? Serial correlation occurs in time-series studies when the errors associated with a given period carry over into future…
How do you create confidence intervals for GLMs? Given that assumption, we can create a confidence interval as the fitted value plus or minuss two…
How is bootstrap resampling used to calculate a sampling distribution? Bootstrap resampling is a methodology for finding a sampling distribution Sampling distribution derived by using…