Useful tips for everyday
What causes a spurious relationship? Spurious correlation, or spuriousness, occurs when two factors appear casually related to one another but are not. Spurious correlation can…
How do you know if residuals are uncorrelated? The residuals are uncorrelated. If there are correlations between residuals, then there is information left in the…
What is exactly the difference between MRF and CRF? A Conditional Random Field (CRF) is a form of MRF that defines a posterior for variables…
Which is the best method for using multiple independent variables? As we will see, interactions are often among the most interesting results in psychological research.…
What are the results of non stationary data? Non-stationary data, as a rule, are unpredictable and cannot be modeled or forecasted. The results obtained by…
Why is model selection necessary? A good model selection technique will balance goodness of fit with simplicity. More complex models will be better able to…
How to forecast on training and test sets? The way this is usually done means the comparisons on the test data use different forecast horizons.…
Can you index a Dataframe in R? Subsetting variables To manipulate data frames in R we can use the bracket notation to access the indices…
What are the examples of consistency? The definition of consistency means thickness or something stays the same, is done in the same way or looks…
How are logistic regression coefficients estimated? The coefficient of a continuous predictor is the estimated change in the natural log of the odds for the…