Useful tips for everyday
What type of data can chi squared be used to test? The Chi-square test analyzes categorical data. It means that the data has been counted…
How do I calculate the effect size? If the two groups have the same n, then the effect size is simply calculated by subtracting the…
Can categorical variables be covariates? It does not matter if the variable is something you manipulated or something you are controlling for. If it’s categorical,…
How is the independent component of an ICA calculated? ICA finds the independent components (also called factors, latent variables or sources) by maximizing the statistical…
When compared with lasso regression the ridge regression works well in cases? Lasso tends to do well if there are a small number of significant…
What does R2 mean in correlation? The coefficient of determination, R2, is similar to the correlation coefficient, R. The correlation coefficient formula will tell you…
What do you mean by residuals in statistics? What Are Residuals in Statistics? A residual is the difference between an observed value and a predicted…
What is the problem of exploding and vanishing gradients in neural networks? What Is the Problem with Exploding Gradients? In deep multilayer Perceptron networks, exploding…
What is an average partial effect? Average Partial Effects (APE) are the contribution of each variable on the outcome scale, conditional on the other variables…
What is the level of significance p value established by Fisher 1925 that psychologists use to test hypotheses using inferential statistics? In his influential book…