Contents
What determines memory bandwidth?
The memory bandwidth is determined by the memory clock, the memory type, and the memory width. The memory width of the common cards range from 32 bits to 256 bits. The maximum theoretical memory bandwidth is the product of the memory clock, the transfers per clock based on the memory type, and the memory width.
What affects memory bandwidth?
Memory bandwidth, on the other hand, depends on multiple factors, such as sequential or random access pattern, read/write ratio, word size, and concurrency [3].
What is memory bound application?
Memory bound refers to a situation in which the time to complete a given computational problem is decided primarily by the amount of memory required to hold the working data. This is in contrast to algorithms that are compute-bound, where the number of elementary computation steps is the deciding factor.
How do I calculate memory bandwidth?
The theoretical maximum memory bandwidth for Intel Core X-Series Processors can be calculated by multiplying the memory frequency (one half since double data rate x 2), multiplied by the number of the bytes of width, and multiplied by the number of the channels supported for the processor.
What is max bandwidth of RAM?
Overclocking. By default, the maximum stock clock speed for DDR4 RAM is 2400 MHz. When you see RAM with speeds rated over this, it means the module has been overclocked to that speed by the manufacturer.
What is main memory bandwidth?
Memory bandwidth is the rate at which data can be read from or stored into a semiconductor memory by a processor. Memory bandwidth is usually expressed in units of bytes/second, though this can vary for systems with natural data sizes that are not a multiple of the commonly used 8-bit bytes.
What is latency in HPC?
For HPC ap- plications latency is the time it takes a zero-length packet to be transmitted from one process on one node, through the NIC, through the switch, to a NIC on a second node and to a process on the second node.
When is an application called a memory bound application?
An application is called memory-bound if it requires a lot of data from memory, so most of its execution time is spent reading and writing data.
What is latency-bound and a memory-bound application in HPC?
Latency-bound can be thought as a subset of the memory-bound category and it occurs primarily when you don’t retrieve too much data from memory at once, but you have to wait a lot to get the data close to the processor, in the upper levels of the memory hierarchy.
What does it mean to have memory bound?
This metric shows how memory subsystem issues affect the performance. Memory Bound measures a fraction of slots where pipeline could be stalled due to demand load or store instructions.
Which is more important memory latency or bandwidth?
Memory bandwidth is just as important but it is often not as well understood by software developers. Tools that help minimize memory latency and increase bandwidth can greatly assist developers with pin-pointing performance bottlenecks and diagnosing their causes. Today’s modern processors have many different types of memory accesses.