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This means when users type this URL in browser SharePoint redirects them to the Public URL of this Web Application. This is the other URL configured/mapped to the SharePoint Web Application. This URL completely looks different than the actual URL of the Web Application.
Can a public url be an alternate access mapping?
The URL you use to access the web application from the Internet has to also have an Alternate Access Mapping and a IIS binding. The AAM entry has to be a Public URL and can easiest be added to the current Web Apllication ‘collection’ in Alternate Access Mapping as the Internet zone Public URL.
How to define mappings for resources outside the intranet?
You can also define mappings for resources outside intranet applications. To do so, you must supply a unique name, initial URL, and a zone for that URL. (The URL must be unique to the farm.) On the Alternate Access Mappings page, click Map to External Resource.
How to change the alternate access mapping collection?
On the Alternate Access Mappings page, click Edit Public URLs. If the mapping collection that you want to change is not specified, then choose one. In the Alternate Access Mapping Collection section, on the Alternate Access Mapping Collection menu, click Change alternate access mapping collection.
How many alternate access mappings can I use?
Alternate access mappings allow you to expose a web application in as many as five different zones, with a different IIS website backing each zone. Some people mistakenly refer to this as having up to five different web applications sharing the same content databases. In reality, there is just one web application.
Can a host named site collection use alternate access mappings?
Host-named site collections can’t use alternate access mappings. Host-named site collections are automatically considered in the Default zone, and the URL of the request must not be changed between the user and the server. Multiple internal URLs can be associated with a single public URL.
The public URL is the base URL that SharePoint Server uses in the pages that it returns. If the internal URL was changed by a reverse proxy device, it can differ from the public URL. Host-named site collections can’t use alternate access mappings.