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What does P value of 2e 16 mean?
< 2.2e-16 as the p value would indicate a significant result, meaning that the actual p value is even smaller than 2.2e-16 (a typical threshold is 0.05, anything smaller counts as statistically significant).
Is 0.06 statistically significant?
A p value of 0.06 means that there is a probability of 6% of obtaining that result by chance when the treatment has no real effect. Because we set the significance level at 5%, the null hypothesis should not be rejected.
Is a lower P value better?
The smaller the p-value, the stronger the evidence that you should reject the null hypothesis. A p-value less than 0.05 (typically ≤ 0.05) is statistically significant. It indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, as there is less than a 5% probability the null is correct (and the results are random).
What is the e in p-value?
A closely related concept is the E-value, which is the expected number of times in multiple testing that one expects to obtain a test statistic at least as extreme as the one that was actually observed if one assumes that the null hypothesis is true. The E-value is the product of the number of tests and the p-value.
Is 0.06 A Good p-value?
It is inappropriate to interpret a p value of, say, 0.06, as a trend towards a difference. A p value of 0.06 means that there is a probability of 6% of obtaining that result by chance when the treatment has no real effect. Because we set the significance level at 5%, the null hypothesis should not be rejected.
What is p-value < 2.2e-16?
This means less than 2.2*e^-16 where e is approximately 2.71. This is a very very small number indicating that your test can reject the null hypothesis with a high degree of significance. Type .Machine in R console and see the result. 2.2e-16 looks like machine epsilon. It means basically your p-value is 0 in computer language.
What happens when p-value is below 0.05?
Usually the purpose of statistical hypothesis testing is to try to reject the null hypothesis. If the p-value is below some specified threshold (typically 0.05 or 0.01), one rejects the null hypothesis; in that case, one basically concludes that there is in fact a meaningful (i.e., not merely due to chance) association among the observed variables.
What is the value of 2.2e-16 in R?
Now, the value 2.2e-16 actually means 2.2 X 10 ^ -16. It is just a way R prints numbers that are either too big or too small.
How to get a p-value smaller than 2?
Try some examples with numbers close to the smallest representable value. You mentioned in a comment that you wanted to do bonferroni corrections. Rather than rolling your own code for this, I suggest that you use p.adjust (your_p_value, method = “bonferroni”) instead. pairwise.t.test uses this. Some R packages solve this issue.