What is a meta-analysis of observational studies?
Systematic reviews aim to appraise and synthesise the available evidence addressing a specific research question; a meta-analysis is a statistical summary of the results from relevant studies. Many systematic reviews are based on observational studies.
What repeated observations?
Repeated observations are repetitions of observations of the same item/focus that occur in single or multiple cases. They can occur over time as a form of time series analysis or in a cross-sectional manner (e.g., different sites) in case study research.
What is a repeated design called?
Repeated Measures design is an experimental design where the same participants take part in each condition of the independent variable. This means that each condition of the experiment includes the same group of participants. Repeated Measures design is also known as within groups, or within-subjects design.
How to do a meta-analysis of a study?
in Sutton et al (2000) and Thompson (1998). Refer to those sources for more details about how to conduct a meta – analysis. Treatment Effects Suppose you have obtained the results for k studies, labeled i = 1,…,k. Each study consists of a treatment group (T) and a control group (C). The results of each study are summarized by six statistics: n
When to use a summary statistic in a meta-analysis?
The selection of a summary statistic for use in meta-analysis depends on balancing three criteria (Deeks 2002). First, we desire a summary statistic that gives values that are similar for all the studies in the meta-analysis and subdivisions of the population to which the interventions will be applied.
Do you do a meta-analysis in a systematic review?
Do not do a meta-analysis. A systematic review need not contain any meta-analyses. If there is considerable variation in results, and particularly if there is inconsistency in the direction of effect, it may be misleading to quote an average value for the intervention effect.
What are two approaches to meta-analysis of time to event outcomes?
Two approaches to meta-analysis of time-to-event outcomes are readily available to Cochrane Review authors. The choice of which to use will depend on the type of data that have been extracted from the primary studies, or obtained from re-analysis of individual participant data.