Contents
What is FDM air gap?
Air gaps: these are the distances or spaces between two adjacent rasters, as represented by number 1 in Figure 2, or between a raster and a contour, as represented by number 2 in Figure 2, or between two adjacent contours, as represented by number 3 in Figure 2.
What is raster gap?
Raster angle is the direction of raster with respect to the loading direction of stress, as shown in Figure 1. Air gap is the distance between two adjacent deposited filaments in the same layer. The number of contours is the number of filaments initially deposited along the outer edge.
What is raster width in 3D printing?
Raster width is the width of the deposited layer of pattern, whereas raster angle is the different angle at which the layer of pattern fills the inner portion. There is a particular relationship between raster angle and the mechanical properties of the printed parts.
What are the process parameters of FDM?
Abstract: This paper discusses the process parameters for fused deposition modelling (FDM). Layer thickness, Orientation angle and shell thickness are the process variables considered for studies. Ultimate tensile strength, dimensional accuracy and manufacturing time are the response parameters.
What is raster width?
(D)The raster width or road width which refers to the width of the deposition path related to tip size. It also refers to the tool path width of the raster pattern used to fill interior regions of the part curves as shown in Figure 5. Narrow and wide filling pattern (roads) were considered to be examined.
What is air gap in 3d printing?
The distance to skip between the support (including interface layers) and the model. For ABS and PLA a value between 0.4 and 0.6 generally works well. Air Gap can be any distance.
What are the main mechanical properties characterizing the performance of machine parts?
From fundamental data, mechanical properties are determined:
- Elastic modulus.
- Hardness.
- Complex modulus for viscoelastic materials.
- Fracture toughness.
What is raster in FDM?
The raster angle refers to the angle between the path of the nozzle and the X-axis of the printing platform during FDM. The raster angles between two adjacent layers differ by 90◦. The raster angle affects the forming accuracy and the mechanical performance of the printed sample.
What are process parameters in 3D printing?
Some of the most common process parameters are air gap, build orientation, extrusion temperature, infill density, infill pattern, layer thickness, number of shells, print speed, raster orientation, raster width, and heat treatment temperature (post-processing parameter).
What are the parameters of 3D printing?
They found that the optimal settings to improve the performance of the five 3D printing materials were 100% infill density, 90 mm/s infill speed, 215 °C of set nozzle temperature, and linear infill. Of the five materials, CFR-PLA had the strongest tension, bending, and compression, with the highest modulus.
What is toughness of a material?
Toughness is a fundamental material property measuring the ability of a material to absorb energy and withstand shock up to fracture; that is, the ability to absorb energy in the plastic range. Tough materials can absorb a considerable amount of energy before fracture, while brittle materials absorb very little.
What is the difference between hardness and toughness?
Toughness is a bulk property whereas hardness is a surface property. Hardness is related to scratches, abrasion and erosion whereas toughness is related to fracture, compression strength or elongation strength. A tough material can be hard as well but its not true the other way round.
Which is an effect of FDM process parameters?
Santhakumar et al. [13] studied the effect of FDM process parameters viz., layer thickness, part build orientation, raster angle, and raster width each at three levels together on impact strength of polycarbonate material. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to find the most influencing process parameter on Impact strength.
What’s the difference between raster width and raster angle?
Raster width is the width of the deposited layer of pattern, whereas raster angle is the different angle at which the layer of pattern fills the inner portion. There is a particular relationship between raster angle and the mechanical properties of the printed parts.
How are factorial designs used in FDM experiments?
Experiments were conducted using a fractional factorial design with two levels for layer thickness and three levels for build orientation factor. The results are statistically analyzed from the graphs to determine the significant factors and their interactions.
How is PLA used in the FDM process?
In this work, Carbon fibre PLA is selected for use in the FDM process. Carbon fiber PLA filament contains short fibers of carbon that are infused into PLA base material to help increase strength and stiffness. It has a density of 1.3 g/cc, tensile strength of 45.5 MPa, flexural strength of 57 MPa and a Shore hardness value of 45D.