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What is N1 and N2 on a jet engine?
N1 and N2 express the rotational speed of turbine engines as a percentage of the maximum normal operating RPM. N1 is the speed of the low pressure spool and serves as the primary power setting, and N2 is the speed of the high pressure spool which indicates if aircraft systems have sufficient power.
What is TOGA thrust?
Definition. Take-off/Go Around (TO/GA) is an autopilot/autothrottle setting activating take-off or go-around thrust. Depending upon aircraft type, it may be activated by depressing a switch or by manually moving the thrust levers to the appropriate position.
What is flex in aviation?
Flex temp is a technique used to produce cost savings through increased engine life and reduced overhaul and fuel costs for airliners by allowing them to take-off at less than rated thrust. For Airbus and Fokker aircraft the technique is known as flex temp or just flex.
Why is TOGA thrust not always 100%?
(In the picture TOGA is limited to 88.9% N1) TOGA thrust is not always 100% N1 (or N2), because TOGA thrust is actually not about delivering the absolute maximum thrust that can be provided.
What is the relationship between thrust and N1?
And due to factors such as altitude and temperature, you don’t have a set relationship between N1 and thrust. The thrust you get at 100% N1 in mile-high Denver on a hot summer day, you may get at 90% N1 at a sea-level airport mid-winter.
How does take off / go around ( TOGA ) work?
Pushing the TOGA buttons will engage the Take Off / Go Around mode & Flight Director guidance will ‘come alive’; The auto throttle will automatically move forward to produce reduced go around (RGA) thrust; The Thrust Mode Display (TMD) will annunciate TO/GA and the appropiate thrust will be displayed;
Where do you find toga and toga on a plane?
LEFT (2): Flight Mode Annunciator (FMA) on Primary Flight Display (PFD) indicated TOGA and TOGA will be displayed on Thrust Mode Display (TMD). Replace CRZ (1) with TO/GA.