Contents
- 1 What is the bandwidth of LoRa?
- 2 Which modulation technique is used by LoRa?
- 3 What is LoRa range?
- 4 What is difference between LoRa and LoRaWAN?
- 5 Is LoRa AM or FM?
- 6 Can LoRa go through walls?
- 7 What is the spreading factor and bandwidth in Lora?
- 8 What are the advantages and disadvantages of CSS modulation?
What is the bandwidth of LoRa?
2. LoRa Technology
| Parameters | Values |
|---|---|
| Spreading Factor (SF) | 6 to 12 |
| Channel Bandwidth (BW) | 125 kHz, 250 kHz, 500 kHz |
| Power | -1 to 14 dBm |
Which modulation technique is used by LoRa?
spread spectrum modulation
LoRa RF physical layer uses a form of spread spectrum modulation. The LoRa modulation scheme uses wide-band linear frequency modulated pulses. The level of frequency increase or decrease over time is used to encode the data to be transmitted, i.e. a form of chirp modulation.
What is LoRa data rate?
LoRa is the physical layer used in LoRaWAN. It features low power operation (around 10 years of battery lifetime), low data rate (27 kbps with spreading factor 7 and 500 kHz channel or 50 kbps with FSK) and long communication range (2-5 km in urban areas and 15 km in suburban areas).
What is LoRa range?
The stated range is more than 10 km, between 15 to 20 km. We would say typically 10 km. However, there are other factors that will influence this “realistic range” – such as, the network and node-gateway positioning, surrounding environment (presence of physical obstacles), antenna performance, Tx power mode, etc.
What is difference between LoRa and LoRaWAN?
LoRa, is the physical layer or the (wireless) modulization which creates the long range communication link. LoRaWAN is about the communication protocol and system architecture for the network as the LoRa Alliance puts it. Or even simpler: LoRaWAN is the network (WAN = Wide Area Network).
What is the maximum range of LoRa?
According to the LoRa Development Portal, the range provided by LoRa can be up to three miles (five kilometers) in urban areas, and up to 10 miles (15 kilometers) or more in rural areas (line of sight). In addition, LoRa uses forward error correction coding to improve resilience against interference.
Is LoRa AM or FM?
LoRa uses an unmodulated carrier in an FM chirp, which has similarities to M-ary FSK. So it is spread energy across a wider band, but not in the same way DSSS is.
Can LoRa go through walls?
Researchers from the University of Massachusetts, University of Colorado Boulder, Peking University, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Institut Polytechnique de Paris have demonstrated how LoRa radio signals can be used for through-wall sensing at long ranges — in much the same way as Wi-Fi has been used over …
Why is LoRa modulation also known as CSS modulation?
It addresses all the issues encountered in the DSSS and at the same time provides low cost and low power based solution. It is also known as CSS modulation due to Chirp Spread Spectrum technique employed. Following equation/formula mentions relation between bit rate, chip rate and symbol rate of LoRa modulation.
What is the spreading factor and bandwidth in Lora?
As discussed before, LoRa is a chirp spread spectrum modulation. The transmitted data, which is a symbol, will be represented by a chirp signal with a frequency range from to , which is shown in Figure 1. In LoRa modulation, we can configure the symbol by changing the Spreading Factor and Bandwidth parameters.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of CSS modulation?
It mentions LoRa modulation advantages or properties. The Lora modulation is also known as CSS modulation (Chirp Spread Spectrum modulaion). In this LoRa modulation technique, spreading of spectrum is obtained by generation of a chirp signal which varies continuously in frequency.
How is coding rate and coding rate used in Lora?
Coding Rate. LoRa modulation also adds a forward error correction (FEC) in every data transmission. This implementation is done by encoding 4-bit data with redundancies into 5-bit, 6-bit, 7-bit, or even 8-bit. Using this redundancy will allow the LoRa signal to endure short interferences.