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What is the difference between ArcGIS Desktop and ArcGIS Server?
ArcGIS Server is a Server software, which responds and fulfills requests from clients via several different kinds of services. ArcGIS Desktop, is more of a client (i.e. desktop) software, which is used in the creation, editing, analysis etc of GeoSpatial Data. It can be used in conjunction with ArcGIS Server.
What can I do with ArcGIS for server?
ArcGIS for Server provides a range of web services beyond simple geodata services: Feature, Map, Geocoding, Geoprocessing, Image, Globe, Web Editing, KML, OGC, etc. For more details see What is ArcGIS Server?
What is the relationship between ArcGIS Enterprise and ArcGIS Online?
This requires that your ArcGIS Enterprise deployment has access to the internet. Many organizations use ArcGIS Enterprise and ArcGIS Online together by implementing distributed collaboration. Distributed collaboration enables the sharing of layers, maps, and other data from one system to the other.
Can you create a mobile app with ArcGIS Engine?
For sure you also can create a Desktop-like or even mobile App with ArcGIS Server frameworks, but the content is always served from ArcGIS Server over the internet (while with Engine you completely embed data, functionality and visualization into your target device).
How is ArcGIS Desktop used in geospatial analysis?
ArcGIS Desktop, is more of a client (i.e. desktop) software, which is used in the creation, editing, analysis etc of GeoSpatial Data. It can be used in conjunction with ArcGIS Server. It can consume the services from an ArcGIS Server, as well as used to manage and publish new services.
Which is the best alternative to ArcGIS Online?
Alternative to ArcGIS Online is ArcGIS Portal which is ArcGIS Online software that you can install on-premises in case you don’t want to expose your resources to the Internet or for any other reason. You license ArcGIS Portal as an extension to ArcGIS Server software since 10.2 (which means it is not available directly).